Now that clang-format makes [[nodiscard]] attributes format sensibly, we
can apply them to several functions within the common library to allow
the compiler to complain about any misuses of the functions.
We really don't need to pull in several headers of boost related
machinery just to perform the erase-remove idiom (particularly with
C++20 around the corner, which adds universal container std::erase and
std::erase_if, which we can just use instead).
With this, we don't need to link in anything boost-related into common.
Replace all the C-style complicated buffer management with a std::deque.
In addition to making the code easier to understand it also adds support
for non-POD IdTypes.
Also clean the rest of the code to follow our code style.
